vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). The normal range is between 120 and 160 beats per minute. mean, geometric the mean, or average, of a set of data measured on a logarithmic scale. In statistics, the frequency and pattern of the values or categories of a variable. Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way. surveillance, syndromic (1) the monitoring of the frequency of illnesses with a specified set of clinical features among a given population without regard to the specific diagnoses, if any, that are assigned to them by clinicians. survival curve a line graph that begins with 100% of the study population and displays the percentage of the population still surviving at successive points in time. Infection. Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/infection. In epidemiology, it is often used more casually to refer to proportions that are not truly rates (e.g., attack rate or case-fatality rate). morbidity disease; any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological health and well-being. attribute a risk factor that is an intrinsic characteristic of the individual person, animal, plant, or other type of organism under study (e.g., genetic susceptibility, age, sex, breed, weight). if this or if that is the case; if this or if that continues. I am not an alcoholic and I use to drink only on weekends. mortality rate, neonatal the mortality rate for children from age birth up to, but not including, 28 days. I want to change some dollars into francs what is the rate of exchange? Principles of Epidemiology: Glossary - Centers for Disease Control and case definition a set of uniformly applied criteria for determining whether a person should be identified as having a particular disease, injury, or other health condition. Statistical significance is based on an estimate of the probability of the observed or a greater degree of association between independent and dependent variables occurring under the null hypothesis (see also P value). 1. the amount of a charge or payment with reference to some basis of calculation: a high rate of interest on loans. the relative values of the currencies of two or more countries. mode of transmission the manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission). 1 variable (or data), discrete a variable that is limited to a finite number of values; data for such a variable. The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. Manages autoclave and cleaning instruments for Dermatology. The infection rate in reactivated disease is approximately 15%-20%. incidence a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occurs among a population during a specified period. All rights reserved. antonyms. continuous variable see variable, continuous. surveillance, medical monitoring of a person who might have been exposed to an infectious, chemical, radiologic, or other potentially causal agent, for the purpose of detecting early symptoms. (2) A system for early detection of outbreaks whereby health department staff, assisted by automated acquisition of data routinely collected for other purposes and computer generation of statistical signals, monitor disease indicators, particularly those associated with possible terrorism-related biologic and chemical agents, continually or at least daily to detect outbreaks earlier than would otherwise be possible with traditional public health methods. line graph, semilogarithmic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. (pun intended). immunity, passive immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host This type of immunity can be acquired naturally by an infant from its mother or artificially by administration of an antibody-containing preparation (e.g., antiserum or immune globulin). This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. EIS Epidemic Intelligence Service; CDCs 2-year training program in applied epidemiology for public health professionals (/eis). The term was first used by Edward Tufte in his book, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983). an infecting agency or influence. environmental factor an extrinsic factor (e.g., geology, climate, insects, sanitation, or health services) that affects an agent and the opportunity for exposure. Nglish: Translation of infection for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of infection for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about infection. is the average age of infection. contribucin municipal, impuestos municipales, , . individual data values or observations from each record (also called raw data). transmission (of infection) any mode or mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread to a susceptible host. hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1. ratio the relative size of two quantities, calculated by dividing one quantity by the other. COVID-19 - niid.go.jp Data Tracker Home Cases, Deaths, & Testing Case & Death Demographic Trends Vaccination Distribution & Coverage Vaccine Effectiveness & Breakthrough Surveillance Health Equity Pediatric Pregnancy People at Increased Risk Wastewater Surveillance Health Care Settings Social Impact & Prevention Variants & Genomic Surveillance Antibody Seroprevalence Post-COVID Conditions Traveler-Based Genomic . measure of central location a central value that best represents a distribution of data. Q. Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. Search. bar chart, grouped a bar chart displaying quantities of two variables, represented by adjoining bars or columns (i.e., a group) of categories of one variable, separated by space between groups. attack rate a form of incidence that measures the proportion of persons in a population who experience an acute health event during a limited period (e.g., during an outbreak), calculated as the number of new cases of a health problem during an outbreak divided by the size of the population at the beginning of the period, usually expressed as a percentage or per 1,000 or 100,000 population (see also incidence proportion). trend movement or change in frequency over time, usually upwards or downwards. On the changing role of individuals in different age groups in outbreak the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period. A normal resting heart rate for an adult is 60100 beats per minute. case-control study see study, case-control. Prevalence rates and rate of prevalence as synonyms transmission, indirect transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host either by being suspended in air particles (airborne), carried by an inanimate objects (vehicleborne), or carried by an animate intermediary (vectorborne). prevalence rates. sentinel surveillance see surveillance, sentinel. cohort a well-defined group of persons who have had a common experience or exposure and are then followed up, as in a cohort study or prospective study, to determine the incidence of new diseases or health events. propagated outbreak see outbreak, propagated. The speed at which the cells settle depends on how many red blood cells clump together. {\displaystyle \lambda } can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. The distinction between the two is clear (now). Rate: An expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. Energy used is calculated from the amount of oxygen used during the test. the webmaster's page for free fun content, Fixing HIV spending: leading AIDS advocates agree that a doubling of federal funding could make a dramatic difference in the fight against the disease, though they diverge when asked how they would allocate the additional money, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, In Africa, a town unravels: AIDS is rapidly stealing the life from a village in Swaziland, Infectious disease: the human costs of our environmental errors, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? midrange the halfway point, or midpoint, in a set of observations. See respiratory tract infection . spectrum of illness the range of manifestations a disease process can take (e.g., from asymptomatic to mild clinical illness to severe illness and death). transmission, biologic indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent undergoes biologic changes inside the vector as part of its life cycle before it is transmitted to the host (see also transmission, mechanical). The film was rated excellent by 90 per cent of children. 10 Infection rate Synonyms. dose-response association between an exposure and health outcome that varies in a consistently increasing or decreasing fashion as the amount of exposure (dose) increases. Synonym: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Recurrent. Found 2 synonyms 1. infection rate 2. [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. incidence rate a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occur, expressed explicitly per a time frame. THE PROBLEM WITH TRUMPS HERD MENTALITY LINE ISNT THE VERBAL FLUB. Don't be surprised if none of them want the spotl One goose, two geese. Synonyms for Rates of infection.Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://www.classicthesaurus.com/rates_of_infection/synonyms Synonyms for Rates of infection - classicthesaurus.com epidemic period the time span of an outbreak or epidemic. Antibiotic resistance is one of the leading issues in modern healthcare due to the inability to treat common infections with available antibiotics. bias a systematic deviation of results or inferences from the truth or processes leading to such systematic deviation; any systematic tendency in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to conclusions that are systematically different from the truth. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each study participant and then follows each persons health status to determine the effects of the exposure. But some types of genital HPV can cause cancer of the . You can complete the list of synonyms of infection rate given by the English Thesaurus dictionary with other English dictionaries: Wikipedia, Lexilogos, Oxford, Cambridge, Chambers Harrap, Wordreference, Collins Lexibase dictionaries, Merriam Webster English-Synonyms dictionary : translate English words into Synonyms with online dictionaries. synonyms for infection Compare Synonyms bug disease epidemic flu pollution virus contagion corruption defilement germs impurity poison communicability contagiousness insanitation septicity what's going around See also synonyms for: infections antonyms for infection MOST RELEVANT sanitation sterility The paper is devoted to monitoring the environmental coliform bacteria (CB) contamination (soil and water) in the environmental disaster areas in the Kazakhstan part of the Aral Sea Region and ranking districts by their level of contamination and the rate of gastrointestinal infections (GI). scale, ratio a measurement scale consisting of quantitative categories whose values are intervals with a true zero point (e.g., height in centimeters or duration of illness). rate of infection synonym special reconnaissance regiment It increases, for example, in hyperthyroidism. study, experimental a study in which the investigator specifies the type of exposure for each person (clinical trial) or community (community trial) then follows the persons or communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted. Delivered to your inbox! pandemic an epidemic occurring over a widespread area (multiple countries or continents) and usually affecting a substantial proportion of the population. For the majority of data, the midrange is calculated by adding the smallest observation and the largest observation and dividing by two. cancer rates. range in statistics, the difference between the largest and smallest values in a distribution; in common use, the span of values from smallest to largest. Herd immunity is based on having a substantial number of immune persons, thereby reducing the likelihood that an infected person will come in contact with a susceptible one among human populations, also called community immunity. 8 Words and Phrases for Rates Of Infection - Power Thesaurus You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. In calculating neonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births reported during the same period. host factor an intrinsic factor (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, sex, or behaviors) that influences a persons exposure, susceptibility, or response to an agent. {\displaystyle \beta } The rate of utilization of energy. We used mRNA display under a reprogrammed genetic code to find a spike-targeting macrocyclic peptide that . cause, component a factor that contributes to a sufficient cause (see also cause, sufficient). The study is created by eHealthMe and uses data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). cause of disease a factor (e.g., characteristic, behavior, or event) that directly influences the occurrence of a disease. (since rate is 1/time). Etiology Toxoplasmosis Caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite Horizontal transmission: Exposure to contaminated cat feces Eating infected raw meat Vertical transmission: Outbreak A sudden increase of a specific illness in a small area. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/infection+rate, [Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin, [C15: from Old French, from Medieval Latin, to estimate or be estimated, with regard to worth, merit, value. Case-control and cohort studies are observational studies (see also study, experimental). What is another word for infectious - WordHippo life expectancy a statistical projection of the average number of years a person of a given age is expected to live, if current mortality rates continue to apply. death-to-case ratio the number of deaths attributed to a particular disease, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, divided by the number of new cases of that disease, injury, or condition identified during the same period. sex-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, sex-specific. While in Indonesia the infant mortality rate due to infection of Caput succedaneum in 2013 amounted to 11% from 35 per 1000 live births. hypothesis a supposition, arrived at from observation or reflection, that leads to refutable predictions; any conjecture cast in a form that will allow it to be tested and refuted. PPE PPE Stands for personal protective equipment. . Reducing such a factor among a population should reduce occurrence of the disease. In epidemiology, particularly for an outbreak investigation, a case definition specifies clinical criteria and details of time, place, and person. / The WBC count is measured in a reference range of values by the number of blood cells in a cubic millimeter . postneonatal mortality rate see mortality rate, postneonatal. tion rate This thesaurus page is about all possible synonyms, equivalent, same meaning and similar words for the term infection rate. distribution in epidemiology, the frequency and pattern of health-related characteristics and events in a population. This type of graph is useful for identifying medians and quartiles and other percentiles. It did not take long, however, before the infection leaked out and copies of the worm began spreading all over the Internet, infecting 130,000 computers worldwide. logarithmic transformation conversion of nominal or ordinal data to logarithmic data. DEVASTATING (repost) Australian NSW data showing the quadrupled COVID crude death rate see mortality rate, crude. skewed a distribution that is not symmetrical. mortality rate, sex-specific a mortality rate among either males or females. Coronavirus & COVID-19: Glossary of Terms | UVA Health . {\displaystyle \lambda } I was wondering the rate at which alcohol induces brain damage; I know that over some years, damage occurs, but does anything happen after a month of drinking on weekends? You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. Log in. We offer immediate delivery on all orders placed before 3pm. source (of infection) the person, animal, object, or substance from which an infectious agent is transmitted to a host. Two common types are cohort studies and case-control studies. pie chart a circular graph of a frequency distribution in which each segment of the pie is proportional in size to the frequency of corresponding category. .css-1w804bk{font-size:16px;}See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. bias, information systematic difference in the collection of data regarding the participants in a study (e.g., about exposures in a case-control study, or about health outcomes in a cohort study) that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. A small short-term loan, with very high interest rates, that the borrower promises to repay on or near the next payday. The rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease. ITS THE MASS DEATH. epidemiology, analytic the aspect of epidemiology concerned with why and how a health problem occurs. attributable proportion see proportion, attributable. sporadic an event that occurs infrequently and irregularly. chartjunk unnecessary or confusing visual elements in charts, illustrations, or graphs. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. epidemiology, field applied epidemiology (i.e., the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems), particularly when the epidemiologist(s) must travel to and work in the community in which the health problem is occurring or has occurred. is that data on the average age of infection is very easily obtainable, even if not all cases of the disease are reported. contact, direct exposure or transmission of an agent from a source to a susceptible host through touching (e.g., from a human host by kissing, sexual intercourse, or skin-to-skin contact) or from touching an infected animal or contaminated soil or vegetation. period prevalence see prevalence, period. Objectives In late December 2022, rates of mortality in France (over 2,500 daily deaths) have reached levels not seen since April 2020, with the most pronounced increase in mortality recorded in nursing homes. population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. Infection rate synonyms, infection rate antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com Solve Now. class limits the values at the upper and lower ends of a class interval. Typically, for a case to be confirmed, a person must have a positive result from laboratory tests. Infection rate - definition of infection rate by The Free Dictionary 2023 Reverso-Softissimo. A confirmed case is "a person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection" as the World Health Organization (WHO) explains. Synonyms for INFECTED: poisoned, septic, tainted, polluted, invaded, contaminated, spoilt, affected, afflicted, defiled, soiled, corrupted; Antonyms for INFECTED . The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. Normal, bell-shaped distributions are symmetrical; the mean, median, and mode are the same. In radiology, the speed with which medical images are recorded, usually expressed in images per second. Hongkong hebt nach drei Jahren strenge Maskenpflicht auf Saving Lives, Protecting People, Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition, Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. health indicator any of a variety of measures (e.g., mortality rate) that indicate the state of health of a given population. risk factor an aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or a hereditary characteristic that is associated with an increase in the occurrence of a particular disease, injury, or other health condition. bar chart, stacked a bar chart displaying quantities of two variables, represented by subdivided bars or columns (the subdivisions representing the categories of one variable) separated by space between bars or columns. Surgical site infection rate in India has varies from 2.5% to 41.9%. rates of prevalence. case, source the case or instance of a patient responsible for transmitting infection to others; the instance of a patient who gives rise to an outbreak or epidemic. The number of deaths per year of live-born infants less than 1 year of age divided by the number of live births in the same year. Die Behrden in Hongkong hatten die Maskenpflicht whrend der Pandemie strikt durchgesetzt. In other words, A record represents data related to a single case. A. active immunity see immunity, active.. active surveillance see surveillance, active.. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted.. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. study, case-control an observational analytic study that enrolls one group of persons with a certain disease, chronic condition, or type of injury (case-patients) and a group of persons without the health problem (control subjects) and compares differences in exposures, behaviors, and other characteristics to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes. Many conditions, including infections, medications, inflammatory diseases, and blood or bone marrow disorders, can cause an abnormal WBC count. Often referred to as a skewed distribution; the mean, median, and mode of an asymmetrical distribution are not the same. Similar words for Infection rate. Normally it is less than 10 mm/hr in men and slightly higher in women. {\displaystyle \lambda } mortality rate, race/ethnic-specific a mortality rate limited to a specified racial or ethnic group both numerator and denominator are limited to that group. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births plus stillbirths. case, index the first case or instance of a patient coming to the attention of health authorities. Isolation refers to separation of ill persons; quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons. The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed or written as number per minute. study, observational a study in which the investigator observes rather than influences exposure and disease among participants. percentile a set of cut points used to divide a distribution or a set of ranked data into 100 parts of equal area with each interval between the points containing 1/100 or 1% of the observations. the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. The roles of different age groups in propagating Omicron epidemics in the whole . So even though cases overall grew, hospitalizations and deaths were down and that makes sense because younger people are more likely to experience mild or symptom-free, In other words, its hard to predict how many people might die of widespread, Some feared coming to work while others walked out of plants to protest the lack of, Data gathered in West Africa and elsewhere during the 1990s also built a case that BCG vaccination, in addition to preventing tuberculosis, protected people from a broad set of, They also refer to a recent study in Syrian hamsters that also suggested masking results in milder, Moving forward, medical innovation can play a substantial role in controlling and preventing, Thats still above the national average for new, THE NEW COVID-19 CASE SURGE IN EUROPE, EXPLAINED.