Figure 7.04: Age distribution of male and female defendants, England and Wales, 2019. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. This has remained broadly stable since 2015. Consequently, there is a lower proportion of effective trials for females (43%) compared to males (50%). , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. All organisations within the CJS have increased female representation among senior staff over the last 5 years. , The detailed results of the survey can be found in the offenders under supervision or in custody tables. , A release is defined as a release from prison where the prisoner has finished serving the custodial term of their sentence and excludes unsentenced prisoners on remand. This section looks at offenders starting supervision as a result of a court order, including those starting supervision as a result of a community order or a suspended sentence order[footnote 68]. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. For example, 83% of mothers receive custody of their children in divorces. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Females accounted for 15% of arrests, unchanged since 2015/16. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. The overall levels of attainment for the cohort are slightly higher for the young female group, with 46% achieving 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English and Maths, compared to 43% for young males. In fact, statistics are frequently cited that suggest around 90% of women are awarded custody, but they also fail to show that 60% of men get custody in a contested cases. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of female offenders were prosecuted for summary offences, which may account for this difference. Errors in our statistical systems and processes. Youth custody report for September 2016 published. In 2019, 15% of males and 17% females elected to be tried at the Crown Court. In 2019, 50% of PNDs were paid in full, and 35% resulted in a fine for late payment. A fixed period exclusion can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. This chapter looks at the interaction between sex and other key characteristics throughout the Criminal Justice System including, ethnicity, age, offending history, and reoffending. Highest prevalence in females was seen in those aged 20-24 (15.1%), with younger males experiencing highest prevalence in the 16-19 age group (6.5%). Adults of both sexes aged 16-24 reported the highest prevalence of personal crime in 2019/20, with the proportion generally /decreasing with increasing age. Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. Give detailed and full explanations as to why the revisions were necessary. 4% of crime higher legal aid clients had an unstated sex. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). Remands at magistrates court followed similar trends to police remands over the last 5 years, with lower proportions of female defendants bailed or remanded in custody. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. This was driven by a decrease in prevalence of indecent exposure and unwanted touching, and rape excluding attempts. , Statistics on case management come from Criminal Court Statistics. Please refer to the accompanying technical guide for further details. The strategy sets out the Governments commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: The strategy aims to take an evidence-based approach to reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders. , This is not including the 96 victims of the Hillsborough disaster in 2016/17, where 89 were male and 7, female. Child custody statistics from the US Census Bureau report published in May 2020 and gathered in 2018 show that there were 12.9 million custodial parents in the US, living with 21.9 million children under 21. Figure 6.03: Number of Self-harm individuals in prison per 1,000 prisoners by sex, 2015 to 2019. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. Females represented 5% of the prison population and this proportion has remained stable over the last five years. Father-headed households 400,000 families were headed by lone fathers in 2012, representing 13.5% of all single-parent households in the UK according to the Office for National Statistics. , The data used for this section are sourced from the magistrates court administrative database LIBRA-MIS. The following section discusses child offenders at different stages of the Criminal Justice System. The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of what child custody evaluators and The greater tendency for female first time offenders to be cautioned or convicted for theft aligns with trends for offenders more generally, as discussed in Chapter 4: Police Activity. Custody Rate and Average Custodial Sentence Length (ACSL)[footnote 83]. In 2019, 13% of females were cautioned or convicted as first time offenders for theft offences, compared with 7% of males. A higher proportion of female offenders were first time offenders, compared to males. There were some differences between the gender groups at this attainment level across all disposals. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical information. Between 2015 and 2019, female children saw the largest decline, a decrease of 35% in prosecutions, compared to a 29% decrease for male children that were prosecuted over the same period. As per the reports presented by the Custodial Mothers & Fathers and the Child Support (2015), the statistics presented by the United States Census Bureau indicated that there are around 13.7 million single parents in the United States. In 2018/19, 671 individuals were victims of homicide in England and Wales; 64% of which were males and 36%, females (Figure 3.03). version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Safety in the Children and Young People Secure Estate: Update to June 2022. Court bail includes those remanded on bail at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who were never remanded in custody but who may also have been not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. A contributing factor is the greater availability of females when an enforcement officer visits the home[footnote 116]. The average child support received by custodial parents as of 2017 was $3,431 per year. Youth custody statistics for October 2013 published. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 (KS4) academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. Therefore, to ensure comparability with previous years, these police forces are excluded from arrests analyses. This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). 62.9% of custodial fathers are non-Hispanic white men. Of those remanded in custody at magistrates court in 2019, 65% of male defendants were sent for trial or sentencing at Crown Court, compared to 50% of female defendants. However, given the range of recording practises (see technical guide for details) throughout the CJS, it is likely that most recording includes a mixture of physiological and personal identity. Fines accounted for 99% of those sentenced for TV licence evasion in 2019 across both sexes. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. It is the Ministry of Justices responsibility to maintain compliance with the standards expected for National Statistics. Our policy in handling revisions is to be transparent with users about: How and when to expect revisions as part of our standard processes. Youth custody data for July 2015 published. For example, young males receiving more than 12 months in custody were more likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (69% v 64%), whereas the reverse was true for young males receiving 12 months or less in custody. Over the last 5 years, these proportions have been gradually increasing. The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2019/20 (released on the same day as this report) also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. (Bieber, 2020) It normally takes one year to complete a divorce. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. If there is conviction information available, the suspect with the longest sentence/most serious conviction is determined as the principal suspect. Theft from shops was the most common indictable offence for which 34% of females and 14% of males were convicted in 2019. , The cautioning rate is the number of offenders who were given a caution divided by the number who were either cautioned or convicted (excluding summary motoring offences). Young females had higher levels of FSM eligibility across all disposals, except for fines, compared to young males. , Please note that the spacing of the time period displayed does not align with the actual time scale, for example the time between sentenced to custody for 0-1 month is smaller than 6 to 12 months. This may result in a single offender being included in the annual cohort more than once. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. Little is known, however, about child custody evaluators beliefs, background, knowledge about domestic violence, and other factors that may shape their recommendations1 regarding custody and parent-child visitation arrangements. Possession of an article with blade or point (760 sentenced). Figure 7.03: Average Custodial Sentence Lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. The custody rate for this offence was lower for female offenders (19%) than for males (26%). Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within the secure estate. The proportion of young females who had been permanently excluded and sentenced to a fine was 9%, compared to 15% for young males, a 6 percentage point difference. CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. In 2019, a smaller proportion of female offenders were sentenced for indictable offences at 10%, compared to 22% of male offenders. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that leads to a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning within that year or within a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court. , Persistent absence is when a pupil enrolments overall absence equates to 10 per cent or more of their possible sessions. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. , Bespoke analysis from the 2019-20 Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) annual report can be found in the chapter tables, published alongside this report. To allow for variable changes in headcount throughout the period considered, the sexes are best considered in terms of proportions of staff rather than absolute numbers. A BBC report suggested that in 2011 men accounted for just 8% of the UK's single parents. Youth custody report for September 2014 published. In the absence of any court outcome, the principal suspect is either the person considered by the police to be the most involved in the homicide or the suspect with the closest relationship to the victim. In 2018/19, the most frequent method of killing was sharp instrument for both males (46%) and females (25%), accounting for 39% of all homicides, consistent with previous years.